Airline ground handling involves a variety of services provided to aircraft while on the ground, particularly between flights. These include passenger check-in, baggage handling, aircraft refueling, cargo loading, catering, and cleaning. The services are essential for maintaining safety, efficiency, and punctual flight operations. Ground handling is performed by airlines or outsourced to specialized companies. It requires coordination, proper equipment, and adherence to international standards set by organizations like IATA and ICAO to ensure smooth and safe airport and airline operations.